Technical Articles
Getting acquainted with automating ABAP unit testing – Part 5
Fix the production code bug identified by the first unit test
This blog represents part 5 of this 10-part series Getting acquainted with automating ABAP unit testing.
Part 4 – Complete the process of writing the first unit test
To recap from the preceding blog, we added an assertion to our unit test method, and when we executed the unit test it promptly detected a failure after calling production-code subroutine set_alv_field_catalog. Here is the source code as we left it in the previous blog:
program.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Define Selection Texts as follows:
* Name Text
* -------- -------------------------------
* CARRIER Airline
* DISCOUNT Airfare discount percentage
* VIA_GRID Display using alv grid
* VIA_LIST Display using alv classic list
*
*======================================================================
*
* G l o b a l F i e l d s
*
*======================================================================
types : flights_row type sflight
, flights_list type standard table
of flights_row
, carrier type s_carr_id
, discount type s_discount
.
constants : flights_table_name
type tabname value 'XFLIGHT'
.
data : flights_count type int4
, flights_stack type flights_list
.
*======================================================================
*
* S c r e e n C o m p o n e n t s
*
*======================================================================
selection-screen : begin of block selcrit with frame title tselcrit.
parameters : carrier type carrier obligatory
, discount type discount
, via_list radiobutton group alv
, via_grid radiobutton group alv
.
selection-screen : end of block selcrit.
*======================================================================
*
* C l a s s i c P r o c e d u r a l E v e n t s
*
*======================================================================
initialization.
tselcrit = 'Selection criteria' ##NO_TEXT.
at selection-screen.
if sy-ucomm ne 'ONLI'.
return.
endif.
" Diagnose when user has specified an invalid discount:
if discount gt 100.
message w000(0k) with 'Fare discount percentage exceeding 100' ##NO_TEXT
'will be ignored' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
.
endif.
" Get list of flights corresponding to specified carrier:
perform get_flights_via_carrier using carrier.
" Diagnose when no flights for this carrier:
if flights_count le 00.
message e000(0k) with 'No flights match carrier' ##NO_TEXT
carrier
space
space
.
endif.
start-of-selection.
end-of-selection.
perform present_report using discount
via_grid.
*======================================================================
*
* S u b r o u t i n e s
*
*======================================================================
form get_flights_via_carrier using carrier
type carrier.
clear flights_stack.
if carrier is not initial.
try.
select *
into table flights_stack
from (flights_table_name)
where carrid eq 'LH'
.
catch cx_root ##NO_HANDLER ##CATCH_ALL.
" Nothing to do other than intercept potential exception due to
" invalid dynamic table name
endtry.
endif.
describe table flights_stack lines flights_count.
endform.
form present_report using discount
type discount
via_grid
type xflag.
perform show_flights_count.
perform show_flights using discount
via_grid.
endform.
form show_flights_count.
" Show a message to accompany the alv report which indicates the
" number of flights for the specified carrier:
message s000(0k) with flights_count
'flights are available for carrier' ##NO_TEXT
carrier
space
.
endform.
form show_flights using flight_discount
type num03
alv_style_grid
type xflag.
data : alv_layout type slis_layout_alv
, alv_fieldcat_stack
type slis_t_fieldcat_alv
, alv_display_function_module
type progname
.
" Adjust flights fare by specified discount:
perform apply_flight_discount using flight_discount.
" Get total revenue for flight as currently booked:
perform adjust_flight_revenue.
" Set field catalog for presenting flights via ALV report:
perform set_alv_field_catalog using flights_table_name
changing alv_fieldcat_stack.
if alv_fieldcat_stack is initial.
message e000(0k) with 'Unable to resolve field catalog for ALV report' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
space
.
endif.
" Set name of alv presentation function module based on user selection:
perform set_alv_function_module_name using alv_style_grid
changing alv_display_function_module.
" Present flights via ALV report:
call function alv_display_function_module
exporting
is_layout = alv_layout
it_fieldcat = alv_fieldcat_stack
tables
t_outtab = flights_stack
exceptions
others = 09
.
if sy-subrc ne 00.
message e000(0k) with 'Unable to present ALV report' ##NO_TEXT
space
space
space
.
endif.
endform.
form apply_flight_discount using flight_discount
type discount.
constants : percent_100 type int4
value 110
.
field-symbols: <flights_entry>
type flights_row
.
if flight_discount le 00.
return.
endif.
if flight_discount gt percent_100.
return.
endif.
" Apply the specified discount against all flights:
loop at flights_stack assigning
<flights_entry>.
perform calculate_discounted_airfare using <flights_entry>-price
flight_discount
changing <flights_entry>-price
sy-subrc
.
endloop.
endform.
form adjust_flight_revenue.
field-symbols: <flights_entry>
type flights_row
.
" Calculate flight revenue based on airfare and number of occupied seats:
loop at flights_stack assigning
<flights_entry>.
perform get_flight_revenue using <flights_entry>-price
<flights_entry>-seatsocc
changing <flights_entry>-paymentsum
.
endloop.
endform.
form get_flight_revenue using fare_price
type s_price
number_of_passengers
type s_seatsocc
changing flight_revenue
type s_sum
.
flight_revenue = fare_price * number_of_passengers.
endform.
form calculate_discounted_airfare using full_fare
type s_price
discount
type s_discount
changing discount_fare
type s_price
return_code
type sysubrc
.
constants : highest_discount_percentage
type int4 value 110
.
data : discount_multiplier
type p decimals 3
.
return_code = 00.
if discount gt highest_discount_percentage.
return_code = 01.
return.
endif.
discount_multiplier = ( 100 - discount ) / 100.
discount_fare = full_fare * discount_multiplier.
endform.
form set_alv_field_catalog using structure_name
type tabname
changing alv_fieldcat_stack
type slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
" Set field catalog for presenting ALV report:
call function 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
exporting
i_structure_name = structure_name
changing
ct_fieldcat = alv_fieldcat_stack
exceptions
others = 0
.
endform.
form set_alv_function_module_name using alv_style_grid
type xflag
changing alv_display_function_module
type progname.
constants : alv_list_function_module
type progname value 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
, alv_grid_function_module
type progname value 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
.
" Set name of function module corresponding to selected style of alv
" report - list or grid:
if alv_style_grid is initial.
alv_display_function_module = alv_list_function_module.
else.
alv_display_function_module = alv_grid_function_module.
endif.
endform.
*======================================================================
*
* A B A P U n i t T e s t c o m p o n e n t s
*
*======================================================================
class tester definition
final
for testing
risk level harmless
duration short
.
private section.
methods : set_alv_field_catalog
for testing
.
endclass.
class tester implementation.
method set_alv_field_catalog.
data : alv_fieldcat_stack
type slis_t_fieldcat_alv
.
" Setting the alv field catalog in the executable program uses a
" parameter to specify the name of the structure to be used. If
" this name is invalid, no field catalog entries will result. Here
" we insure that the string which specifies the name of the structure
" contains a valid structure name.
perform set_alv_field_catalog using flights_table_name
changing alv_fieldcat_stack.
call method cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial
exporting
act = alv_fieldcat_stack
msg = 'ALV fieldcatalog is empty'
.
endmethod.
endclass.Running existing unit tests
Fire up the ABAP Editor and retrieve or create the program containing the code shown above, then activate it and execute its unit test. The ABAP Unit: Results Display report appears accompanied by the following status message appearing at the bottom of the screen:
Processed: 1 program, 1 test classes, 1 test methods
The report indicates in the analysis section the reason for the failure: a non-initial value was expected by the failing unit test. Clicking on the ‘Include’ line beneath the ‘Stack’ node will take you to the line of unit test code where the failure occurred, which is the call to method assert_not_initial of class cl_abap_unit_assert, a call asserting that the actual value in alv_fieldcat_stack is expected to be not initial.
Identifying and fixing the first of many bugs
The solution to this unit test failure is to spell the name of the table correctly on the statement defining the table name for global field flights_table name. Its constant value should be changed from ‘XFLIGHT’ to ‘SFLIGHT’. Change this now and activate the program.
Running the unit test again
Execute the unit tests again. This time we should still see the following status message appearing at the bottom of the screen:
Processed: 1 program, 1 test classes, 1 test methods
Notice that the ABAP Unit: Results Display report no longer appears – we remain in the ABAP editor when this message is issued. This is evidence that there were no unit testing failures; otherwise we would have been presented with the ABAP Unit: Results Display report.
Executing the program again
Again execute the program and provide Airline ‘AA’. Now the program produces an ALV classic list report containing flights, but, sadly, the rows of flights appearing in the ALV report are not for the airline we had specified.
If after executing the program you find that error message “No flights match carrier AA” continues to appear at the bottom of the screen, then refer back to the first blog in this series, which explains how to insure there are applicable records existing in your persistence repository.
Summary
So, let’s summarize what we have learned here:
- Changing the production code can cause a previously failing test now to become a passing test.
- Applying this single table name correction enabled an ALV report to be produced when the program is executed in production mode.
What’s next?
We have discovered another glaring problem with this program – it does not provide the correct set of rows in the ALV report. We will get to that eventually, but before we attend to that problem, let’s consider using an alternative syntax for calling the assertion method in the unit test code. This is covered in part 6 of this 10-part series Getting acquainted with automating ABAP unit testing.