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Author's profile photo Yogananda Muthaiah

HANA – Most Common SQL Statements & Functions

Finding index and primary keys of tables

SELECT IFNULL(CONSTRAINT,'NUNIQUE'),
INDEX_NAME,COLUMN_NAME 
FROM INDEX_COLUMNS WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = '%s'
AND TABLE_NAME = '%s' 
ORDER BY INDEX_OID,POSITION

select * from TABLES; 
select * from M_TABLES;
select * from M_CS_TABLES;
select * from M_RS_TABLES;
select * from TABLE_COLUMNS;
select * from M_CS_ALL_COLUMNS;
select * from M_TEMPORARY_TABLES;

Show details of users that have been logged-in

select * from "SYS"."USERS"
where "LAST_SUCCESSFUL_CONNECT" is not null
order by 9 desc;

To get all Libraries

select to_char(definition) from public.libraries 
where schema_name='EXT';

To get a complete list of error codes and their descriptions

SELECT * FROM M_ERROR_CODES ORDER BY CODE ASC;

To get all DDL

call get_object_definition('<SCHEMA>','<TABLENAME>');
ALTER TABLE schema.table ADD PRIMARY KEY (column1,column2)

Check SQL PLAN Cache

select * from M_SQL_PLAN_CACHE

Check invalid custom DB views

select * from "SYS"."VIEWS"
where schema_name not like 'SAP%' and is_valid = 'FALSE';

Check inactive custom DB objects

select * from "_SYS_REPO"."INACTIVE_OBJECT"
where "PACKAGE_ID" not like 'sap%';

Check which SAP language settings are being used by current user

select session_context('LOCALE_SAP'),
session_context('LOCALE') 
from dummy;

## Search executed SQL statements, 
e.g. to find out who deleted a table
select * from "SYS"."M_EXECUTED_STATEMENTS" 
where "STATEMENT_STRING" LIKE 'DROP TABLE%';

Show custom settings within global.ini and indexserver.ini

select * from "SYS"."M_INIFILE_CONTENTS"
where ("LAYER_NAME" = 'SYSTEM' or "HOST" <> ") 
and ("FILE_NAME" = 'global.ini' 
or "FILE_NAME" = 'indexserver.ini');

Show assigned user roles

select * from "SYS"."GRANTED_ROLES"
where "GRANTEE_TYPE" = 'USER';

Show assigned repository privileges

select * from "SYS"."GRANTED_PRIVILEGES"
where object_type = 'REPO';

Show objects owned by non-system users

select * from "SYS"."OWNERSHIP"
where owner_name not like 'SAP%' and owner_name not like '%SYS%'
order by 1,2;

Show Corresponding Tables referring to which Schema

SELECT BASE_SCHEMA_NAME, BASE_OBJECT_NAME,DEPENDENT_SCHEMA_NAME,
DEPENDENT_OBJECT_NAME,DEPENDENT_OBJECT_TYPE
FROM "SYS"."OBJECT_DEPENDENCIES"
WHERE BASE_SCHEMA_NAME = 'TCMP' /* <== Schema Name */
AND BASE_OBJECT_NAME = 'CS_SALESORDER' /* <== Table Name */

Analyze expensive statement trace

select
to_varchar("STATEMENT_START_TIME",'DD.MM.YYYY') "EXEC_DATE",
to_varchar("STATEMENT_START_TIME",'HH24:MI:SS') "EXEC_TIME",
to_int("DURATION_MICROSEC"/1000000) "DURATION_S",
to_decimal("MEMORY_SIZE"/1073741824,10,1) "MEM_GB",
"RECORDS",
"DB_USER",
"APP_USER",
"APPLICATION_NAME",
"STATEMENT_STRING",
length("STATEMENT_STRING") "SQL_LENGTH",
OCCURRENCES_REGEXPR('JOIN' FLAG 'i' IN "STATEMENT_STRING") "JOIN",
OCCURRENCES_REGEXPR('CASE' FLAG 'i' IN "STATEMENT_STRING") "DISTINCT",
"ERROR_TEXT",
"PARAMETERS"
from "SYS"."M_EXPENSIVE_STATEMENTS"
where "OPERATION" in 
('INSERT','SELECT','AGGREGATED_EXECUTION') –exclude background activity
and "RECORDS" > 0
and to_varchar("STATEMENT_START_TIME", 'YYYYMMDD') = current_date
and to_int(to_varchar("STATEMENT_START_TIME",'HH24′)) 
between 8 and 17 –business hours
order by 3 desc;

select * from M_PREPARED_STATEMENTS; 
select * from M_ACTIVE_STATEMENTS;
select * from M_EXPENSIVE_STATEMENTS;

RECLAIM Storage Space

ALTER SYSTEM RECLAIM DATAVOLUME 105 DEFRAGMENT.

Most Common Functions used in Implementation

CREATE TABLE "ZTABLE"
(
  "MANDT" NVARCHAR(000003) DEFAULT '000' NOT NULL,
  "RELID" NVARCHAR(000002) DEFAULT ' ' NOT NULL,
  "FIELD1" NVARCHAR(000010) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL,
  "FIELD2" NVARCHAR(000010) DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY ("MANDT", "RELID")
);
SELECT SESSION_USER "session user" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT TO_DATE('2010-01-12', 'YYYY-MM-DD') "to date" 
FROM DUMMY;

SELECT TRIM ('a' FROM 'aaa123456789aa') "trim both" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT CURRENT_DATE "current date" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT ISOWEEK (TO_DATE('2011-05-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "isoweek" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT DAYS_BETWEEN (TO_DATE ('2009-12-05', 'YYYY-MM-DD'), TO_DATE('2010-01-05', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "days between" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT UPPER ('Ant') "uppercase" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT CONCAT ('C', 'at') "concat" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT FLOOR (14.5) "floor" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT TO_DECIMAL(7654321.888888, 10, 3) "to decimal" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT REPLACE ('DOWNGRADE DOWNWARD','DOWN', 'UP') "replace" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT RTRIM ('endabAabbabab','ab') "rtrim" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT RIGHT('HI0123456789', 20) "right" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT DAYNAME ('2011-05-30') "dayname" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT WEEK ('2017-01-02') FROM DUMMY; SELECT LENGTH ('length in char') "length" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT SUBSTRING ('1234567890',4,2) "substring" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT WEEKDAY (TO_DATE ('2010-12-31', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "week day" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT TO_VARCHAR (TO_DATE('2009-12-31'), 'YYYY/MM/DD') "to varchar" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT YEARS_BETWEEN(TO_DATE('2001-01-01'), TO_DATE('2003-03-14')) "years_between" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT YEAR (TO_DATE ('2011-05-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "year" FROM DUMMY; 

SELECT MONTH ('2011-05-30') "month" FROM DUMMY; SELECT NOW () "now" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT LAST_DAY (TO_DATE('2010-01-04', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "last day" FROM DUMMY;

SELECT EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2010-01-04', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) "extract" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT LANGUAGE(CONTENT) FROM TABLE;

SELECT IFNULL (NULL, 'same') "ifnull" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT ProdName, Type, Sales,
RANK() OVER ( PARTITION BY ProdName ORDER BY Sales DESC ) AS Rank
FROM ProductSales
ORDER BY ProdName, Type;
SELECT DAYOFYEAR ('2021-05-30') "dayofyear" FROM DUMMY;
SET SCHEMA "EXT"; 
CREATE TABLE MY_DATES (FCID NVARCHAR(2), STARTDATE DATE, ENDDATE DATE); 
INSERT INTO MY_DATES VALUES ('01', '2014-01-01', '2014-02-14'); 
INSERT INTO MY_DATES VALUES ('01', '2014-04-01', '2014-05-14'); 
INSERT INTO MY_DATES VALUES ('01', '2014-07-01', '2014-08-05'); 
INSERT INTO MY_DATES VALUES ('01', '2014-10-01', '2014-10-30'); 
SELECT WORKDAYS_BETWEEN(FCID, STARTDATE, ENDDATE) "production duration" 
FROM MY_DATES;
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{"item1":10}', '$.item1') AS "value" FROM DUMMY;
SELECT * FROM
XMLTABLE('/doc/item' PASSING
'<doc>
<item><id>10</id><name>Box</name></item>
<item><id>20</id><name>Jar</name></item>
</doc>'
COLUMNS 
ID INT PATH 'id', 
NAME VARCHAR(20) PATH 'name'
) as XTABLE;

CREATE FUNCTION func_add_mul(x Double, y Double) 
RETURNS result_add Double, result_mul Double 
LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT READS SQL DATA AS
BEGIN
result_add := :x + :y;
result_mul := :x * :y;
END;

The following figure shows used memory, consisting of code, stack, and table data:

SAP HANA Used Memory

SAP HANA Used Memory

SAP HANA Virtual Memory

SAP HANA Virtual Memory

SAP HANA Resident Memory

SAP HANA Resident Memory

Reference

HANA SQL Functions

https://help.sap.com/viewer/7c78579ce9b14a669c1f3295b0d8ca16/Cloud/en-US/20a61f29751910149f99f0300dd95cd9.html

Keep watching here and comment if you like to add on top of it

Assigned Tags

      10 Comments
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      Author's profile photo Lars Breddemann
      Lars Breddemann

      This list of statements looks rather arbitrary to me.

      Why would you always use the SYS views/tables when there are PUBLIC synonyms/versions for it?

      And why would one use the column number in the ORDER BY clause? That’s just lazy writing (as Deadpool would call it)...

      Rather than dropping SQL statements why don’t do write about how you used some of those statements to find something out in your HANA system? Something interesting and relevant for your situation. That’ll be interesting to read then as well.

       

       

      Author's profile photo Yogananda Muthaiah
      Yogananda Muthaiah
      Blog Post Author

      Hi Lars Breddemann,

      Thanks for reading the article!

      Thanks for providing your feedback for making the suggestion.  The above SQL statements are at a high level for Consultants implementing the SAP Commission project since I have tagged to global HANA.  I welcome to make the changes to your points mentioned.

      Author's profile photo Teja Thogaru
      Teja Thogaru

      Very helpful   article Yoga (Harvey) 🙂

      Author's profile photo Yogananda Muthaiah
      Yogananda Muthaiah
      Blog Post Author

      Thanks Mike ( Teja Thogaru )!

      Keep sharing this to your friends.

      Author's profile photo Vijaya Rayapudi
      Vijaya Rayapudi

      Thank you! Yoga for sharing. Very helpful. 🙂

      Author's profile photo Yogananda Muthaiah
      Yogananda Muthaiah
      Blog Post Author

      Thanks Vijaya Rayapudi !

      Keep sharing to your friends

      Author's profile photo Fabrice MAFOUANA-DUMOND
      Fabrice MAFOUANA-DUMOND

      Yoga, your sharing is very helpfull.

      Thank you 🙂

      Author's profile photo Yogananda Muthaiah
      Yogananda Muthaiah
      Blog Post Author

      Thank you Fabrice MAFOUANA-DUMOND !

      Author's profile photo Minjie Lao
      Minjie Lao

      very useful blog, thanks!

      Author's profile photo Ying Ye
      Ying Ye

      Very helpful!

      Is there sql to show composite role that contains certain single role?