Document Splitting in New General Ledger
Background –
In SAP ERP the document splitting is the most powerful tool is widely and most commonly used. With this function the document splits the line items based on the “Characteristics” we define in system. Often this function is used to get the financial statements correctly for segment reporting.
Back to the Basics –
Concept can be explained of document splitting with the help of one of the most basic business transaction as “Vendor Invoice”. Suppose we have vendor invoice as below which consists of two expense line items say 10,000 in total with 1,000 of tax component which sums to 11,000.
- Expense Item 1 for 8,000 where it is assigned to PC – X
- Expense Item 2 for 2,000 where it is assigned to PC – Y
Account |
Amount |
Profit Centre |
Vendor A/C |
-11,000 |
|
Expenses 1 |
8,000 |
PC – X |
Expenses 2 |
2,000 |
PC – Y |
Input Tax |
1,000 |
|
If any person is responsible for PC – X wish to analyze the transactions performed for PC – X, but unfortunately the user can’t – because of, if you look at the transaction the “Vendor Balance” and “Input Tax” is cumulative and hence is not assigned to any of the profit center either X or Y.
Now if you look at the transaction above it represents that the total expense is distributed in the ratio of 80% and 20% and same of Profit Centre of X and Y. So base to this the Vendor Balance and Input Tax should also have split according to 80%-20% rule.
As per the above image the system should have posted the document as per below financial transaction entry in system –
Okay so the conclusion for whole exercise is, if the user can post the document as above, the reporting will be pretty particuar and balanced and there won’t be a problem – issue is re-solved.
Its easily said that issue will be solved but why any user will separate the line item as per calculations and split its bases always on its ratio, especially when there are 100’s of line items sometimes in any document ! And what if system takes care of this?
Well the answer is Yes, and that’s what the document splitting is all about!
Now we will understand the Document Splitting elements and key concepts –
- Passive Splitting – This type of splitting is mostly occurs when the payment transaction is posted for a vendor invoice. Now system splits the payment document bases on how the vendor invoice was split in place already.
- Active Splitting – In Active Splitting the document is split according to mySAP ERP predefined rules. SAP almost supports all the business process transactions but if it doesn’t suit to any requirement the own splitting rules can be created.
- Zero Balancing Splitting – When the amounts within financial documents are not able to balance out to Debit of Profit Centre and Credit of Profit Centre which does not Net Off as its own, SAP then automatically generates new line item to balance the document. We will see the example in following section of this scenario.
- Item Category – Item category categorizes the general ledger accounts for document splitting. In the configuration each GL account is assigned to item category. Just to name a few like 01000 – Balance Sheet Account, 02000 – Customer, 03000 – Vendor and so on.
- Business Transaction – Business transaction is real scenario of business processes happens in organization such as vendor invoice, customer invoice etc.
- Business Transaction Variant – In the SAP, financial postings are derives the item category for individual line item. Business transaction variant always works in conjunction with business transaction where business transaction restricts the business processes to be posted to. System validates a check all postings against the item category to validate if these postings are allowed by splitting rule if not then understand this failed.
- Document Splitting Method – Document splitting method works in combination with business transaction and business transaction variant it determines the document splitting rule.
- Document Splitting Rule: Document splitting rule determines which item categories will be split and from which item categories it will derive the account assignment.
Let us see the actual example from system of Document Splitting for vendor invoice –
If we are posting an invoice from FB60 with two different expenses line item as below with two different cost centers assigned now system has derived the profit center from its cost centers mentioned in line item.
Simulate this document to see pre-posting view with line item and associated assignments.
Now press F3 or Back button and come to main screen. Now go to Menu Bar Document –> Simulate with General Ledger to see the ledger view of this document.
Once clicked on simulate with general ledger, document can be seen as below as “Document Split” functionality.
Document Splitting – Zero Balancing
As discussed above when system is not able to balance out the transaction entry based on its own it balances out by “zero balancing” account. System adds the zero balance account at its own to make balance zero for transaction. We will see the example for this now –
We will post the transaction via FB50.
Now simulate this with General Ledger View as below
If you look at above and notice simulated “General Ledger View” system has automatically generated the “Zero Balance Clearing A/C.”
Now let us look at the configuration of document splitting –
1. Classify GL Accounts for Document Splitting –
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –> Classify G/L Accounts for Document Splitting |
Here in this step GL’s are classified according to item categories according to business transaction nature. It is recommended that instead of assigned item category to each individual general ledger account try maintaining the item categories for “Range of General Ledger Accounts”.
2. Classify Document Types for Document Splitting –
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –> Classify Document Type for Document Splitting |
In this step the “Business Transaction” and “Business Transaction Variant” is assigned to document types. Now almost every financial transaction in considered for document splitting.
3. Define Zero Balance Clearing Account –
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –> Define Zero Balance Clearing Account |
In this step we have to define the zero balance clearing account which will be used to generate and balance out financial entry when it is not possible to balance out at its own, as we have seen this example earlier.
4. Define Document Splitting Characteristics for General Ledger Accounting –
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –>Define Document Splitting Characteristics for General Ledger Accounting |
This is one of the most important configurations step in document splitting. In this step we have to define the splitting characteristics. Additionally you can define whether this should be Zero Balance and
Mandatory.
5. Edit Constants for Non Assigned Processes –
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –>Edit Constants for Non Assigned Processes |
In this step the constants are defined which helps to assigned the default account assignment when is not able to derive from any of the sources.
6. Activate Document Splitting
SPRO –> SAP Reference IMG –> Financial Accounting (New) –> General Ledger Accounting (New) –> Business Transaction –> Document Splitting –>Activate Document Splitting |
Finally the step to activate document splitting with additional settings like “Inheritance” and Activation of Document Splitting.
Select check box “Document Splitting” and apply appropriate method. SAP Standard pre-delivered method is “0000000012”.
Selecting the Inheritance signifies the line items which do not have account assignment will derive the account assignment from other line item.
Selecting Standard A/C Assgnmnt means system will set the standard account assignment for non-assigned line items. When this indicator is selected “Constant” needs to be maintained.
Activate of Document Splitting happens at client level but it is always possible to control of activation and deactivation at company code level.
Experts guidance and comments / suggestions will be very helpful on this.
Great Going Pankaj Bhalerao !!
Superb compilation and beautifully explained. Am honored to have had a student like you, who equally believes in sharing the knowledge!!
Regards
Ajay M
Thank you Ajay Sir.
I appreciate your comments. What else can my day to receive the encouraging comment from my role model. 🙂
What I am today, progressed and grown up in SAP career is all SDN has major contribution - now its my turn to give our community back.
I have learnt so many things from Ajay Maheshwari SAP Trainer Rajneesh Saxena Kamal Kumar SAP Consultant/Trainer Dave AdoniSRINU BORIGI Sanil Bhandari and may more.
What I am today learnt in SAP all credit goes you to all and who contributed to this forums.
Thanks for support. I will my try level best to contribute more.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Thanks a lot Pankaj Bhalerao
The explanation is very precise and useful, something which most of the FICO folks miss out and claim to work in New GL. This will be very useful.
Regards
Sanil Bhandari
Hi Pankaj,
You already got amazing comment by Supremo i.e Ajay Sir. I don't think any thing can encourage you more than that.
Good work. Keep it up. Always be helpful to the community. Community needs persons like you.
Regards
Rajneesh
Very Nice document Pankaj. One more good contribution for our forum and it will really help us all.
Lucky one you got the comment from Ajay Maheshwari SAP Trainer sir. 🙂
Regards,
Sharu.
Hi
Very valuable information provided you. It helped me a lot in understanding the subject thoroughly.
Thanks for your effort in this document.
Regards
Archana
Hello Pankaj,
Thank you very much for this document. It really helped me.
Regards,
Charu.
A detail document and explanation. Thanks a lot.
Thanks Emily for appreciating words.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Excellent Document!!!!
Thank you for sharing....
Vivek
Thanks Vivek for kind words.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao
Very good document. explained in easy way.
Thanks Sudhir for your comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Hi Pankaj,
Very nice and valuable document.
Regards,
Umamageshwaran.S
Thank you Umamageshwaran for your comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Very good document explained very well thank you for sharing.
Thank you Manujnath for your comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
thank you for your inputs
Thank you Shivakumar for your comment.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
I get all the time doc splitting - related errors.. Thanks to your document I will start to understand why ..
Thanks for your document
KR - Loïc
Thanks Loic,
Good to know it helped you to understand the issues and errors you faced. Also thanks for your comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Hello,
Excellent document.
all the best erwin
Thanks Erwin for your appreciating comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Hi,
According note 1085921 SAP recommends do not use method standard, so you should create by copying the 0_12 as follow:
---
2.2 Define document splitting method
The document splitting method contains the rules governing how the individual item categories aredealt with.
In case changes need to be applied to standard customizing, SAP recommends copying the standard method 0000000012 and applying the changes.
Sequence:
- Create an own defined method (e.g. Z000000012):
IMG-path: Financial Accounting (New) - General Ledger Accounting (New) - Business Transactions -Document Splitting - Extended Document Splitting - Define Document Splitting Method
- Select all rules included in the standard method and copy it to the Z000000012:
IMG-path: Financial Accounting (New) - General Ledger Accounting (New) - Business Transactions -Document Splitting - Extended Document Splitting - Define Document Splitting Rule
- Apply the changes needed
- Activate the new to be used document splitting method
---
This copy is requires because SAP can access the system and update when is necessary or if you need create a new transaction and variant.
Please check the note before to configure.
Thanks.
JPA
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Very Useful Document, explained very well.
Thank you very much Priya for your comments.
Regards,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Nico Documents Pankaj.
Thank you Bhaskar for words.
Cheers,
Pankaj Bhalerao.
Nicely Explain. Thank you.
Great explanation, really helpful thank you for sharing this.
Well Described....Thank you
Thankyou so much it was very useful...
Thanks Pankaj so much about this document.
It would be much appreciate if you could mention more about the fact that Tax items (auto generated by system during simulation or posting) can not fill-in Business Area.
Have you faced with this case in real and any completely solution suggest for us ? Thank you.
Dear Pankaj Bhalerao
I would just say that you made me cleared about the core concept. Explained in a logical way. Keep it bro......!!!!!!
Hi,
it is very good explanation.
Thanks bro.
Thanks
Great explanation about document splitting, easyly everyone can understad this scenario.
Very Nicely documented for which I was looking. Please let me know the other topics which you have explained. I would really like to go through them.
This is exactly what I was looking for..Thank You!.
Sensacional essa explicação! Obrigada por compartilhar.
Great Explanation, Thank you!!!
Very well explanation. Thank you.
Very good explanation.
Can you give an example how business transaction variant works in the system
Hello,
Am a new SAP user. Will ‘’Document Splitting’’ feature of SAP allow me to post below transactions in SAP S/4HANA (1909)?
Query 1 - MIRO done in Profit Center A but payment to be made from bank account in the books of Profit Center B
Debit the Vendor A/c in Profit Center A and credit Bank A/c in Profit Center B?
Query 2 - For an invoice of Rs 100 (basic) + Rs 10 (tax) = Rs 110 (vendor invoice value)
Debit Tax Receivable A/c in Profit Center C by Rs 10 and Credit Vendor in Profit Center C by Rs 10. Also Debit Expense A/c in Profit Center D by Rs 100 and Credit Vendor in Profit Center D by Rs 100?
Regards / Mohit
Well done!
Thank you
I have a FI document with more than 999 line items how we can perform the document spliting in case we need to post documents in S4 HAna, dont want to go for summarization as it can not support for AP/AR and tax invoices