This post is a beginner's guide on how to install R and run the first script. It is also a continuation of my previous post on One-to-One Marketing using Big Data and Predictive Analytics. But first things first, in case you are not already aware of what this beast is...
So, What is R?
R is a free statistical computing and graphics language and has been around for about 2 decades. The language continues to evolve with more functions added each day by the community. R's popularity stems from the numerous data manipulation and caluclation functions, and the depiction of the results using graphical display for easy data analysis. R is an interpreted language and can be accessed using a command-line interface.
I am not going into more details about R at present. My job here is to get you quickly acquainted, so R does not appear so formidable and mysterious anymore. I leave it to you to have lunch (or several lunches) together later and get to know R a lot better. Some suggested reading links for more information on R and what it is capable of:
Resources to help you learn and use R
Installing R and the IDE
Right, back to the introduction! For the windows installation of the latest R release, please visit the link R 3.1.0 for Windows and download the software.
There are several IDEs in the market, but we are going with RStudio for our purposes. It is easy to install and use. You can download and install the version for Windows from this link RStudio 0.98.507. Click on the .exe file once downloaded:
You can set the destination folder of your choice, and choose the default options. That's it, nice and easy. We are ready to write our first R program.
Writing our first program in R
Launch the R studio to see a window like the one below:
You will find several datasets included in R packages which you can utilise. For the simple program below, I have used a dataset about players in the recently concluded football world cup (WC'14_Players.txt).
I have cleaned the data and extracted the information from the "Age" and "No. of Caps" columns to determine the correlation between them.
Type in the following statements in your console (the left bottom corner):
Age <- c(31,31,29,27,29,26,27,29,30,22,22,34,32,30,27,32,26,25,27,21,27,31,25,28,31,24,22,24,28,30,30,28,26,26,24,21,31,28,26,28,28,22,21,25,33,32,34,25,22,25,18,35,29,21,32,28,32,24,25,29,22,21,28,26,30,25,25,20,27,21,21,19,34,31,28,28,20,24,28,33,31,34,35,27,32,26,28,21,25,24,24,28,24,25,23,26,25,26,30,23,23,33,22,25,23,32,25,24,26,22,29,21,34,31,29,28,27,22,25,25,21,25,21,21,34,31,23,21,31,33,25,28,26,26,34,25,31,23,30,30,27,27,32,29,25,27,23,28,25,33,24,30,28,30,25,26,23,29,22,24,22,23,22,30,20,19,30,30,29,24,26,22,20,24,23,20,22,19,33,30,30,26,33,31,23,28,27,28,25,29,24,21,22,34,32,30,27,28,25,29,28,26,25,22,25,30,32,26,29,28,25,20,42,25,24,38,35,28,27,27,29,22,21,27,29,28,33,26,22,25,21,28,29,27,28,27,24,23,34,21,28,25,33,33,31,29,27,21,27,27,21,23,31,27,30,26,29,23,21,36,28,27,25,26,24,25,28,20,28,29,33,26,27,29,32,26,22,37,34,29,23,27,26,23,24,32,29,34,26,31,26,23,27,27,27,34,24,28,25,24,27,32,28,31,23,30,24,30,24,24,25,25,27,32,28,25,31,30,29,26,30,24,25,29,26,23,26,30,30,32,27,22,28,28,23,24,32,28,30,21,24,30,27,29,29,34,28,31,22,35,24,28,23,24,31,23,20,22,28,32,19,26,20,26,18,36,27,21,29,33,27,32,26,27,21,32,28,24,35,30,29,28,29,31,27,21,29,27,31,23,27,26,23,23,24,27,31,32,33,30,28,27,29,23,19,24,34,28,29,28,33,32,29,23,25,35,27,27,23,27,28,27,25,34,32,26,26,29,31,19,23,35,32,28,30,29,24,24,27,30,23,28,24,19,26,23,25,26,25,29,27,35,27,33,31,28,24,28,21,20,23,31,29,28,27,24,30,21,23,23,26,27,27,37,34,20,31,32,28,29,26,28,28,29,29,28,30,27,24,25,23,21,31,27,32,25,30,30,28,29,31,23,29,29,22,21,29,25,21,25,28,27,24,23,21,27,23,22,22,27,30,32,33,29,25,24,27,26,33,30,30,33,28,26,25,28,28,28,26,28,26,26,26,29,32,26,33,28,31,33,30,28,24,24,27,25,20,32,24,28,29,29,28,24,23,21,22,24,24,22,24,28,29,26,24,33,26,26,27,21,32,24,30,30,27,27,30,32,23,31,27,33,31,29,30,30,27,20,25,22,24,26,31,19,21,31,30,29,27,33,26,25,23,24,20,23,24,27,21,25,26,21,23,23,23,23,23,21,32,27,27,32,25,21,24,28,25,33,30,29,25,25,26,26,25,20,22,22,29,25,27,24,22,20,23,36,29,23,25,24,21,26,29,24,25,27,27,23,23,26,21,21,29,25,31,23,24,22,23,24,26,27,22,28,22,22,23,31,32,31,28,26,22,29,27,30,28,26,26,33,26,21,31,27,29,23,29,30,32,31,35,20,25,26,27,21,32,31,23,23,27,29,32,32,32,19,24,31,27,28,24,34,26,28,29,27,29,31,27,29,29,25,26,23,28,22,30,28,30,30,30,24,24,22,27,24,19,27,23,30,26,25,24,22,25,28,28,27,25,22,26,21,23,26,25,21,27,36,26,19,29,26,19,26,24,28,28,24,33,34,31,27,30,27,27,23,25,30,30,32,23,27,28,29,23,25,21,31,23,22,29,28,24,32,24,24,24,29,21,28,29,27,25,24,25,25,25,26,23,24,23,21,25)
Caps <- c(9,73,45,34,6,29,41,23,31,47,29,78,70,11,4,7,17,25,33,10,15,6,5,12,7,2,0,45,30,29,20,14,11,7,5,2,66,48,44,38,35,20,7,2,115,54,38,24,22,14,6,109,6,0,111,71,48,23,22,20,5,2,73,60,54,27,9,8,4,0,0,0,90,62,48,32,3,0,57,33,13,120,118,101,92,50,28,13,12,14,12,11,10,7,6,2,73,59,31,23,4,8,6,3,1,80,17,9,8,6,2,0,73,46,43,28,22,14,13,10,9,3,1,1,68,34,7,4,78,7,4,64,59,45,28,23,18,1,58,56,53,42,28,22,19,19,16,11,65,34,28,25,24,14,6,5,0,22,14,14,10,2,2,2,1,1,97,73,69,10,9,8,5,5,4,1,1,0,98,83,61,20,153,30,0,115,59,45,25,6,5,2,0,130,109,94,87,78,63,61,34,31,15,7,0,106,94,37,23,20,1,0,54,42,0,95,75,51,50,20,12,4,1,48,47,43,29,26,21,8,3,51,28,26,23,9,7,5,79,1,1,0,119,106,78,42,18,8,3,3,0,0,83,43,25,24,5,2,0,99,64,53,24,20,7,6,17,1,1,64,47,46,28,20,16,12,6,132,109,47,16,16,14,4,3,73,71,69,29,55,66,12,54,68,8,142,25,74,55,10,12,55,4,79,10,78,7,20,4,16,39,2,51,20,4,2,81,60,47,33,25,24,10,2,2,1,61,53,42,39,33,21,16,11,9,0,93,61,37,31,22,17,39,50,22,109,23,24,15,103,10,89,21,10,6,8,14,9,45,4,2,3,3,1,1,139,7,0,67,47,35,33,12,11,9,3,1,0,108,93,57,41,33,19,19,4,2,0,35,29,29,10,4,4,1,60,4,0,92,88,76,55,41,13,4,2,88,71,61,55,54,53,42,27,25,108,77,60,11,8,23,18,3,88,57,36,35,21,21,2,0,108,80,69,48,41,38,28,20,18,17,10,7,1,0,0,48,29,8,1,55,11,2,55,39,20,17,16,5,2,2,81,32,28,21,15,10,9,4,2,65,28,23,120,25,0,102,75,66,52,31,20,9,92,92,46,39,39,34,20,18,15,68,41,21,10,55,61,34,52,40,5,73,71,9,24,46,5,19,22,32,46,10,19,5,43,0,5,31,45,10,3,37,36,24,20,18,16,13,8,96,53,47,45,24,19,16,7,5,5,84,50,36,29,15,28,3,0,0,72,22,12,11,7,6,5,2,80,46,41,40,34,33,20,10,7,5,3,1,1,0,60,53,9,8,11,5,3,2,0,84,60,48,22,20,19,17,16,6,5,5,138,78,59,49,15,12,6,6,3,40,12,6,1,1,89,32,11,0,95,41,35,34,32,16,10,9,58,34,21,21,19,19,13,12,12,11,1,59,48,21,6,5,3,2,45,2,1,105,96,37,28,19,16,4,2,1,0,101,53,44,42,27,11,1,131,112,31,19,47,1,20,17,6,45,39,29,25,16,8,5,1,81,60,56,48,47,21,16,15,13,11,3,78,11,11,0,32,70,57,46,43,2,110,66,53,6,6,29,16,6,1,73,72,21,2,10,34,6,66,98,3,19,84,15,3,115,103,8,18,27,24,40,15,35,1,68,20,21,25,11,14,20,27,6,5,1,61,27,25,24,12,6,5,4,1,28,27,24,23,22,17,16,9,6,4,1,1,0,33,20,18,4,15,33,48,58,56,46,21,49,28,44,44,14,0,23,78,43,1,26,55,1,25,19,8,67,2,1,95,76,21,10,9,4,3,0,60,42,41,31,25,17,15,5,4,1,79,20,1,60,8,3,34,20,3,27,13,24,63,63,11,36,9,10,57,54,26,27,24,5,10,0)
plot(Age,Caps)
cor.test(Age,Caps,alternative = "g")
The first statement assigns an array of integer values (the ages of all the players) to a variable Age.
The second statement assigns an array of integer values (the no. of times the players have been capped) to a variable Caps.
The third statement (plot(Age,Caps)) draws an output scatter plot diagram in the right bottom corner.
The fourth statement (cor.test(Age,Caps,alternative = "g")) determines the correlation between the two variables.
The output looks like this:
A positive correlation of 0.6025268 is indicated. While the correlation is not very strong, it definitely confirms that older players have been capped more no. of times for their country.
In the next blog post, I shall explore some of the following data mining techniques by utilizing the R integration for SAP HANA:
- Cluster Analysis
- Regression Analysis
- Association Analysis
- Classification Analysis
- Time Series Analysis
- Multivariate Statistics
- Analysis of Spatial Data
- SAP Managed Tags:
