Workflow Recipe for Passionate Starters – Part II (Spice up!!)

Dear Reader,

This is PART II of 4 blog series that has been drafted keeping Workflow (WF) beginners in mind to

give a better picture & right start about SAP Business Workflows.

Part I http://scn.sap.com/community/bpm/business-workflow/blog/2012/05/18/workflow-recipe-for-passionate-starters–part-i-spice-up

Workflow Builder

Tcode: SWDD

Area1:

Workflow template no will be displayed against Workflow field. Workflow template id starts with prefix WS.

It is followed by 8 digits which is madeof 2 parts. First part consists of 3 digit number maintained in SWU3

Tcode under Maintain Prefix number Activity. Remaining 5 digits are running no automatically generated by

SAP. For e.g. Workflow template no for prefix no 920 can look like WS92000001.

Version refers to the current active workflow version. Only 1 WF (Workflow)version can be active

at 1 point of time. To generate a new WF version click Generate Version from menu as below,

From the version dropdown seen below we can select the version which we want.

Status:

Refers to current status of the Workflow. When a new WF is created, status will be

New,Not Saved. Once WF is saved the status changes to Revised, Saved. After activation the

status becomes Active, Saved.

Import & Export Workflows:

When a workflow is exported, an XML file that contains all the content according to BPML

Specification 0.4 is written. BPML (Business Process Modelling Language) is a meta language

with which the structure of a workflow can be described. To export a workflow as an XML file,

choose Workflow -> Import/Export -> Export to XML File from the WF Builder menu.

There are many disadvantages of this export/import option since the entire workflow is not

exported/imported.

When exporting a workflow, the following parts cannot be exported according to BPML 0.4:

• Triggering events
• WHILE loops
• Tasks that are referred to in steps

The task ID is exported as a SAP-specific extension. To receive an executable workflow after

the import of the XML file to an SAP system, the task must be contained in this SAP system.

• Wait steps and event creators

        If a workflow contains such step types, these are replaced by empty steps during the

        import and the user receives a message that these steps have to be post-processed.

• Complex conditions
• Complex data types (for example, structures, object type references)

To receive an executable workflow after the import of the XML file to an SAP system, the

exporting structures and object types must be contained in this SAP system. 

• Modelled deadline monitoring
• Activities with more than one outcome
• Rules and elements of the organization management that are used as responsible agents

To receive an executable workflow after the import of the XML file to an SAP system, the rules

and elements of organization management that are referenced must be contained in this SAP

system. Once exported user will prompted to specify the location where the XML file has to be

downloaded. An XML file with name as test will look as below,

For importing the file choose Workflow -> Import/Export -> Import from XML File from the

WF Builder menu.

Area2: Any Workflow will have 2 steps “Workflow Started” and “Workflow Completed”

by default. It marks the Start and end point of a workflow. All business logic should be

defined in the Undefined Double-Click for new step region. There are several WF step

types available. To insert a new step right click on Undefined Double-Click for new step

icon. A popup appears as below,

Upon selecting Create another popup listing possible WF step types appears,

Select the required step to insert it in workflow.

Area 3:

This region contains a resizable GREEN colour rectangle which is used to highlight

particular step(s) in workflow.

Area 4:

Insertable Step Types:

It contains the list of possible WF steps types that can be inserted.

Workflow Container:

All the variables which are used in workflow are created here as workflow container

elements. The lifetime of a variable is throughout the complete WF instance.

Double click on

A popup appears as below,

Enter name of the variable(also called as Workflow container element), a short name &

description. There are 3 ways to declare a WF container element. We can directly enter the

datatype (for e.g.INT1) or enter structure (SWHACTOR)/data element (AENAM) or domain

name (USNAM) in ABAP Dictionary Data Type. In ABAP Dictionary Reference, a table name

(for e.g. PA0001) can be entered in Structure field and field name can be entered in field (PERNR).

We can also maintain the variable of type business object/class name by mentioning the BO

name/class name in Object Type.

In properties tab Import, Export fields are maintained. If the variable is getting its value from

outside workflow say for e.g. from BO (Business object – SWO1 Tcode) or Standard/custom

(for e.g. WebDynpro ABAP or Java) application Import should be enabled. If the variable value

has to be sent outside workflow say for e.g. to BO method then export checkbox has to be enabled.

If the variable is going to be used only within workflow then both checkboxes can be left unchecked.

Mandatory as the name suggests should be enabled for mandatory variables. Enabling Multiline

checkbox allows us to pass more than 1 value (similar to internal table in reports).

Initial values for variables can be maintained in Initial Value tab. Once initial values are maintained

GREEN colour icon appears as below,

My workflows and Tasks:

It displays the list of last processed workflows.

Area 5:

Once we click CHECK icon

Or press Ctrl+F2, information, warning & error messages are displayed in this area.

Above popup shows an information message that No start events are maintained for Workflow.

Business Workplace:

Tcode: SBWP

Mails & Workitems sent to users from Workflow can be accessed in Business Workflow.

It’s a user specific SAP inbox.

Users will receive mails & workitems in Inbox.

Difference between Mail and Workitem:

• When same mail is sent to more than 1 user, each user will get a separate copy of the mail.

        In case of workitem the same copy is sent to all users

• Each user can open the mails whenever required. It’s not possible to attach deadline for

       a mail to be opened before a particular time.  Workitems can be sent with deadline

• Mails are used to notify users. Workitem carry work on which users have to take some action

        for e.g. Approve leave request, Release a Purchase order. Once leave request is approved an

        email can be sent to employee notifying that his request has been approved

• Users can reserve the workitem by single clicking on the workitem and choosing reserve icon.

        This will remove the workitem from inbox of other users and workitem will be available only for

        the person who reserved it. Users can single click on the workitem and choose replace icon.

        This will make the workitem available to all users to whom it was sent. Since individual copies

        are sent in case of Mails Reserve/Replace is not possible

• Workitems are foreground steps meaning that user interaction (for e.g. approve the

          request by clicking Approve button) is mandatory. Workflow generally waits for the

          current workitem step to be completed before moving to the next step(Note: This

          behaviour can be altered via Fork step). Since mails are notification steps Workflow

          sends them in background and proceeds to the next step.

To navigate to Workflow Log (SWI1 Tcode) single click on the workitem and click on

Workflow log highlighted above.

Thanks for reading. Please share your valuable comments.